Today, the global conflict is evolving a pattern of modern warfare that requires, fundamentally, above all, an adaptive and robust air defence system. The Israel and Ukraine conflicts have underscored the critical role of Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missiles (MRSAMs) in countering aerial threats. India needs to co-develop advanced weapon systems, including next-generation missile defence technologies. What are the learnings and the lessons drawn from these conflicts as we examine the Indian Armed Forces' air defence strategies, focusing on the integration of MRSAMs into their doctrine?

MRSAMs in Modern Warfare

MRSAMs have proved as the most crucial component in a nation's layered air defence architecture. It mainly consists of Multi-Function Surveillance and Threat Alert (MFSTAR) Radar, Weapon Control System (WCS) and Vertical Launcher Unit (VLU). The System offers own-ship point defence as well as neighbouring task-force ships and assets area defence against aircraft and guided weapons attacks.

The Israel and Ukraine conflicts have underscored the critical role of Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missiles (MRSAMs) in countering aerial threats

They offer a balance between the short-range capabilities of systems like the QRSAM (Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile) and the long-range reach of assets such as the S-400. The Barak 8, developed collaboratively by India's DRDO and Israel's IAI, exemplifies this balance. With variants capable of intercepting threats at ranges up to 150 km, it provides a versatile solution against aircraft, UAVS, and ballistic missiles.

How MRSAMs play a critical role is very much evident from the lessons of the Israel Conflict. Israel's extensive use of MRSAMs, particularly the Barak 8, has demonstrated their efficacy in neutralising a diverse array of aerial threats. The system's integration with advanced radar platforms and its rapid response capabilities have been instrumental in maintaining air superiority.

The India Army also launched its first 'Abhra' MR-SAM regiment in February 2023 under the 33 Corps, tasked with defending the frontier with China in Sikkim and the strategically vital Siliguri Corridor.

Here, integration with Advanced Radar Systems played a vital role. The seamless coordination between MRSAMs and radar platforms enhances target acquisition and tracking accuracy.

Another key element of MRSAMs is the rapid Deployment and mobility. The mobility of MRSAM units allows for swift repositioning, adapting to changing battlefield scenarios.

The Indian Armed Forces have recognised the significance of MRSAMs in their air defence strategy

In conflict, such as the prevalent hybrid and limited, it worked in a layered defence strategy. In Israel, it demonstrated, employing MRSAMs within a multi-tiered defence framework ensures comprehensive coverage against various aerial threats.

Insights from the Ukraine Conflict

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has highlighted the strategic importance of MRSAMs in countering advanced missile threats. Systems like the S-300 and Buk have been pivotal in intercepting incoming missiles and aircraft. The conflict underscores the necessity for:

• Continuous upgrades and adaptability of MRSAM systems are crucial to counter evolving missile technologies.
• MRSAMs to be integrated into broader air defence networks to ensure coordinated responses to aerial threats. Regular training exercises ensure that personnel are adept at operating MRSAM systems under combat conditions.

Indian Armed Forces' Air Defence Doctrine

The Indian Armed Forces have recognised the significance of MRSAMs in their air defence strategy. However, for air defence to be truly effective, a robust doctrinal framework and clear operational philosophy are essential.

IAF recognises the criticality of MRSAM in its air defence strategy as it can engage multiple targets simultaneously, offering protection against various threats, including cruise missiles and ballistic missiles.

The integration of MRSAMs into national air defence strategies is imperative in the contemporary security landscape

MRSAM, a joint development by DRDO and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), has been operational since February 2023, deployed along sensitive borders like the China-India border near Sikkim.

The Barak 8 system has been inducted into the Indian Army and Air Force, enhancing their capabilities against a spectrum of aerial threats. Furthermore, the development of indigenous systems like the QRSAM and the Akashteer command and control system reflects India's commitment to self-reliance and modernisation in air defence.

The roadmap for bolstering air defence capabilities

For the Indian Armed Forces, the most crucial factor is the importance of adaptability, interoperability, and sustained joint collaboration and operation.

• Enhanced Integration: Further integration of MRSAMs with other air defence systems and radar platforms to create a cohesive defence network.
• Continuous Upgrades: Regular upgrades to MRSAM systems to counter emerging threats and incorporate technological advancements.
• Joint Training Programmes: Establishing joint training programmes between the Army and Air Force to ensure synchronised operations.

Investing in R&D to develop next-generation MRSAMs with extended ranges and enhanced interception capabilities.

The integration of MRSAMs into national air defence strategies is imperative in the contemporary security landscape. By learning from global conflicts and continuously evolving their systems, nations can ensure robust protection against diverse aerial threats. India's proactive approach in adopting and developing MRSAM technologies positions it well to safeguard its airspace and maintain strategic advantage.

 

Manish Kumar Jha is a Consulting & Contributing Editor for SP's Aviation, SP's Land Forces and SP's Naval Forces and a security expert. He writes on national security, military technology, strategic affairs & policies.